This is one of the most wonderful Islamic Monuments in the Islamic World. If Ancient Egypt is proud of the Pyramids of Giza, Islamic Egypt has to be proud of the Sultan Hassan Madrassa. The founder of this gigantic monument is the Sultan Hassan, son of the great Mamluke Sultan Al-Nasser Mohamed Ibn Qalawoun. Sultan Hassan ruled twice, the first time in 1347, when he was 13 years old, he was dethroned by the other Mamluke princes and generals. The second time when he was 22 years old and before he had time to put an end to the power of the princes they revolted against him, and attacked him. It said that he escaped from the Citadel and hid in Cairo; but they found him, he was killed 16 years after his ascending to the throne. He left 10 sons and 6 daughters.
The Sultan Hassan gave order for the construction of this Madrassa in 1361A.D, and the work continued for 4 years. The Mosque was almost complete when Sultan Hassan was killed. It was finished by one of his commanders whose name was Bashir Al-Gamdar. The site of the Madrassa was previously known as Souk Al-Khayl or the Horses Market. The Madrassa was built of stones, but some internal parts and details were built of bricks, faced with stones.
The Madrassa-Mosque consisted of, an open courtyard surrounded by four roofed prayer halls. It contains four Madrassas or religious schools. It has four facades; the most remarkable facade is the northeast one. It is 145m long and 38m tall, it has 4 pairs of windows and at the top of the wall is a massive cornice .
The Sahn, or the court, of the Mosque is almost square, about 34m long and 32m wide, with a large ablution fountain in the centre, which is covered with a wooden dome, carried on 8 marble columns around its capital decorated with a band of inscriptions of The Qur’an (the verse of Al-Kursi). At each corner of the sahn (courtyard) is a door that leads to one of the 4 Madrassas (schools); the biggest one being the Hanafiyya Madrassa, which occupies an area of 898 square metres.
The qibla iwan (Qibla hall) is the biggest of the 4 iwans of the Mosque. There is a mihrab (niche) covered with marble the arch of the mihrab rested on 2 columns.
The marble Minbar (Pulpit/tribune) is covered with coloured panels of marble decorated in its upper part by floral motifs.
The Dekkat Al-Mouballegh or the bench of the repeater is situated at the front of the quibla iwan, and it is made of marble, raised on 8 pillars and 3 piers. There are 2 doors opened in the Quibla wall leading to a mausoleum dome behind the mihrab, where the Sultan is supposed to be buried. The Mausoleum dome is 21 square metres and its decoration is similar to that of the quibla iwan.
The grave has a sarcophagus of coloured marble, surrounded by a small wooden screen. It was intended to be a tomb for the Sultan Hassan but it contains the bodies of 2 of his sons named Al-Shehab Ahamd and Ishmael.
Actually 4 minarets were intended to be built in the original plan but only 3 were erected, The one over the entrance collapsed in the and now there are only 2 minarets. One dates back to the Ottoman period in the 17th Century, while the bigger, and the most beautiful one, is the original, which is 82 m high.
The Sultan Hassan gave order for the construction of this Madrassa in 1361A.D, and the work continued for 4 years. The Mosque was almost complete when Sultan Hassan was killed. It was finished by one of his commanders whose name was Bashir Al-Gamdar. The site of the Madrassa was previously known as Souk Al-Khayl or the Horses Market. The Madrassa was built of stones, but some internal parts and details were built of bricks, faced with stones.
The Madrassa-Mosque consisted of, an open courtyard surrounded by four roofed prayer halls. It contains four Madrassas or religious schools. It has four facades; the most remarkable facade is the northeast one. It is 145m long and 38m tall, it has 4 pairs of windows and at the top of the wall is a massive cornice .
The Sahn, or the court, of the Mosque is almost square, about 34m long and 32m wide, with a large ablution fountain in the centre, which is covered with a wooden dome, carried on 8 marble columns around its capital decorated with a band of inscriptions of The Qur’an (the verse of Al-Kursi). At each corner of the sahn (courtyard) is a door that leads to one of the 4 Madrassas (schools); the biggest one being the Hanafiyya Madrassa, which occupies an area of 898 square metres.
The qibla iwan (Qibla hall) is the biggest of the 4 iwans of the Mosque. There is a mihrab (niche) covered with marble the arch of the mihrab rested on 2 columns.
The marble Minbar (Pulpit/tribune) is covered with coloured panels of marble decorated in its upper part by floral motifs.
The Dekkat Al-Mouballegh or the bench of the repeater is situated at the front of the quibla iwan, and it is made of marble, raised on 8 pillars and 3 piers. There are 2 doors opened in the Quibla wall leading to a mausoleum dome behind the mihrab, where the Sultan is supposed to be buried. The Mausoleum dome is 21 square metres and its decoration is similar to that of the quibla iwan.
The grave has a sarcophagus of coloured marble, surrounded by a small wooden screen. It was intended to be a tomb for the Sultan Hassan but it contains the bodies of 2 of his sons named Al-Shehab Ahamd and Ishmael.
Actually 4 minarets were intended to be built in the original plan but only 3 were erected, The one over the entrance collapsed in the and now there are only 2 minarets. One dates back to the Ottoman period in the 17th Century, while the bigger, and the most beautiful one, is the original, which is 82 m high.
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